Three Key Points for Battery Maintenance

After a long summer, despite the still-high daytime temperatures, the dry autumn season has gradually arrived. In autumn, car batteries are relatively more prone to problems. Since the battery is the vehicle’s primary power supply system, poor battery performance could leave you stranded on the road. Therefore, paying attention to daily battery maintenance is particularly important. Proper use of the battery not only extends its lifespan but also ensures smoother vehicle performance.

A. Inspection

Routine Appearance Check
Car batteries are usually located in the engine bay, and some are even protected with a cover. While external shocks are minimized, aging batteries may overheat internally. The temperature fluctuations can cause surface deformations. If you notice any visible changes to the battery’s shape, replacement is essential.

Besides visual inspection, you can also self-check maintenance-free batteries using the circular inspection window for color changes. Professional tools are often required for more in-depth testing, and it is safer to rely on service centers for thorough diagnostics.

In general, the average battery life is around two years. However, proper usage can extend its lifespan to four or five years.

Reminder: Perform relevant inspections after two years of use.

Voltage Check
The standard voltage for a well-maintained battery should range between 12.2 and 12.7 volts. If the voltage is too low, recharging is necessary. When charging, a low current over a long period is ideal. Avoid attempting DIY battery charging; instead, run the engine to recharge it. If the battery shows signs of aging, consider replacing it.

Reminder: With no physical damage, normal engine operation can generate and recharge the battery

Electrolyte Density Check
Electrolyte density is crucial for assessing battery health and charge levels. Tools like a densimeter or an electrolyte density tester can measure this parameter. Low density indicates the need for recharging. However, extremely high or low concentrations could indicate problems such as sulfation, short circuits, or overcharging, requiring professional repairs.

Reminder: This inspection typically requires professional tools available at repair shops.

Battery Terminal Check
The terminals are the connection points between the battery and the vehicle. Corrosion or poor connections can lead to battery malfunctions. Check for white powder around the terminals—these are signs of corrosion. If there’s substantial residue or green oxidation, pour hot water to clean it off, then apply anti-corrosion treatments like grease. Use caution when applying to avoid excessive buildup, which could affect functionality.

Reminder: Always wear gloves during this process to prevent skin corrosion.

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B. Usage

Prolonged Inactivity Causes Power Loss
Proper maintenance ensures better battery performance. Here’s how to use it correctly:

1. Replenishing Electrolyte: Never add plain water or sulfuric acid to a depleted electrolyte. Instead, use distilled water or specialized battery solutions.
2. Temperature Sensitivity: Extreme heat or cold drastically reduces battery lifespan.
3. Maintaining Adequate Power: During normal driving, electrical devices like air conditioners and headlights rely on the generator. However, during traffic jams or low engine RPMs, the battery provides power, causing discharge. Prolonged undercharge accelerates plate aging and shortens lifespan.
4. Storage Precautions: Vehicles left idle for extended periods may experience battery depletion. While the vehicle may seem off, onboard computers and other components still draw minimal power. A fully charged battery may lose power within two to three weeks and deplete entirely after a month. For long-term storage, disconnect the battery terminals. Note that even when disconnected, self-discharge occurs. Recharge the battery every two to three months.

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C. Important Notes

Three “Don’ts” for Battery Use

1. Don’t Block Vents: Non-maintenance-free batteries have vents for heat and pressure release. Blocked vents can lead to pressure buildup, potentially causing explosions.
2. Avoid Improper Charging: Use a low current over an extended period to charge. High-current, rapid charging causes overheating and alters electrolyte density, leading to internal damage.
3. Don’t Allow Prolonged Undercharge: If a battery is severely discharged, run the engine for at least an hour or drive to recharge it. While occasional over-discharge won’t significantly affect lifespan, habitual undercharging causes severe damage.