Lead-Acid Battery Usage and Maintenance Tips

In modern vehicles, the lead-acid battery is essential for powering key systems such as engine start, lighting, and other electrical components. Maintaining the battery in good condition is critical to ensuring the proper functioning of the vehicle. Lead-acid batteries, one of the most common types of car batteries, come in two main varieties: maintenance-free and maintenance-required. Each type has its own unique characteristics and maintenance needs. Proper usage and regular maintenance can significantly extend the lifespan of the battery and avoid issues like difficulty starting the vehicle or electrical system malfunctions. Below are some important tips for using and maintaining lead-acid batteries.

1. Understand Your Battery Type

Currently, car batteries are mainly divided into two types: maintenance-required lead-acid batteries and maintenance-free lead-acid battery.

• Maintenance-required Batteries: These batteries need periodic checks of the electrolyte levels since their structure allows for water decomposition over time, leading to reduced electrolyte levels. Users must regularly add water to maintain the correct electrolyte level.
• Maintenance-free Batteries: These batteries use lead-calcium alloys, reducing water decomposition and evaporation. Compared to traditional lead-acid batteries, maintenance-free batteries require no liquid addition, are more resistant to overcharging, and offer higher cranking currents and longer charge retention times. They are also less prone to corrosion of terminals and wires.

Knowing the type of battery in your vehicle is essential for proper maintenance.

2. Maintenance-Free Battery Usage and Maintenance Tips

While maintenance-free batteries do not require frequent water additions, they still need to be checked and used correctly. Here are some essential maintenance tips:

• Disconnect the Battery if Not in Use
  A battery will naturally discharge when not in use, and if left idle for an extended period, it may become permanently damaged. If you are not using your vehicle for a long time, disconnect the battery cables or start the vehicle every six weeks to recharge the battery.
• Charge When Battery is Low
  When the dashboard indicates low battery voltage, charge the battery immediately. A battery with insufficient charge will impact engine startup and can lead to permanent damage.
• Adjust Electrolyte Density
  For maintenance-required batteries, the density of the electrolyte should be adjusted according to local climate conditions and seasonal changes. In cold weather, electrolyte density should be increased to prevent the battery from freezing and malfunctioning.
• Use Distilled Water or Special Additives
  When the battery is undercharged, use distilled water or specific battery additives to refill it. Never use tap water or bottled drinking water, as it can contain impurities that harm the battery.
• Use the Starter Motor Correctly
  Avoid overusing the starter motor. Each start should last no longer than 5 seconds, and if unsuccessful, wait at least 15 seconds before trying again. Overusing the starter can lead to deep discharge and damage the battery.
• Check Ventilation Holes
  Regularly check that the ventilation holes on the battery cap are not blocked. These holes are essential for proper gas release. Blocked vents can cause the battery to overpressurize, leading to damage.
• Inspect Terminals and Circuits
  Periodically check the positive and negative terminals for signs of corrosion. Corrosion can increase resistance, affecting current flow, and may cause starting issues. Also, check the wiring for aging or short circuits to prevent the battery from excessive discharge and premature failure.

3. Special Maintenance for Maintenance-Free Batteries

While maintenance-free batteries require less attention, they still require specific care:

• Avoid Deep Discharge
  Never discharge the battery too much. Always recharge the battery promptly after use to avoid damage from deep discharge.
• Remove Battery for Long-Term Storage
  If the vehicle will not be used for a long time, remove the battery or disconnect the negative terminal. Ensure the battery is fully charged and check its status regularly. If the voltage drops, recharge it promptly.
• Do Not Short-Circuit for Testing
  Never use a short-circuit method to test whether the battery is charged. This can cause severe damage and even lead to fire hazards.
• Check Connections and Terminals
  Regularly inspect battery terminals and connections for cleanliness and security to ensure good electrical contact.
• Ensure Vents Are Not Blocked
  The battery’s vent holes should be kept clear to prevent pressure buildup. In winter, ensure they are not frozen, as this can cause the battery to rupture.
• Avoid Metal Tools Near Terminals
  Never place metal tools or conductive objects near the battery terminals. Accidental contact between the terminals can cause short circuits, sparks, or even fires.

4. Battery Replacement and Inspection

The typical lifespan of a car battery is about 3 to 5 years. Over time, the capacity of the battery decreases, and its performance deteriorates. Regularly inspect the battery to ensure it is functioning properly. If the battery is older than five years, consider replacing it sooner rather than later. Check for signs of swelling, corrosion, or damage to the battery casing, and replace the battery if any issues are detected.

Conclusion

The car battery is the “heart” of the vehicle, playing a vital role in ensuring the vehicle operates smoothly. Whether it’s a maintenance-required lead-acid battery or a maintenance-free one, proper usage and regular maintenance can significantly extend the battery’s lifespan and prevent common issues like difficulty starting the vehicle. Simple measures such as timely charging, checking terminals, and ensuring proper electrolyte levels can help maintain optimal battery performance. By taking good care of the battery, you can ensure your vehicle remains reliable and efficient for years to come.